列表（Lists）就像用其他语言声明的数组一样。列表不一定总是同质的，这使其成为Python中最强大的工具。单个列表可能包含数据类型，例如整数，字符串以及对象。列表是可变的，因此即使在创建后也可以对其进行更改。
Python中的List是有序的，并且有一个确定的计数。列表中的元素按照一定的顺序进行索引，并且列表的索引是在0为第一个索引的情况下完成的。列表中的每个元素在列表中都有其明确的位置，这允许复制列表中的元素，每个元素都有其独特的位置和可信度。
注意：列表是用于保留数据序列并对其进行进一步迭代的有用工具。
创建列表
Python中的列表可以通过将序列放在方括号[]中来创建。与集合不同，list不需要内置函数来创建list。
注意：与集合不同，列表可能包含可变元素。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Creation of List
# Creating a List
List = []
print("Intial blank List: ")
print(List)
# Creating a List with
# the use of a String
List = ['GeeksForGeeks']
print("\nList with the use of String: ")
print(List)
# Creating a List with
# the use of multiple values
List = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]
print("\nList containing multiple values: ")
print(List[0])
print(List[2])
# Creating a Multi-Dimensional List
# (By Nesting a list inside a List)
List = [['Geeks', 'For'] , ['Geeks']]
print("\nMulti-Dimensional List: ")
print(List) 输出：
Intial blank List:
[]
List with the use of String:
['GeeksForGeeks']
List containing multiple values:
Geeks
Geeks
Multi-Dimensional List:
[['Geeks', 'For'], ['Geeks']]创建包含多个不同或重复元素的列表
列表可能包含具有不同位置的重复值，因此，在创建列表时，可以将多个不同或重复的值作为序列传递。
# Creating a List with
# the use of Numbers
# (Having duplicate values)
List = [1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 6, 5]
print("\nList with the use of Numbers: ")
print(List)
# Creating a List with
# mixed type of values
# (Having numbers and strings)
List = [1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']
print("\nList with the use of Mixed Values: ")
print(List) 输出：
List with the use of Numbers:
[1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 6, 5]
List with the use of Mixed Values:
[1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']向列表中添加元素
使用append()方法
可以使用内置的append()函数将元素添加到列表中。使用append()方法一次只能向列表中添加一个元素，如果使用append()方法添加多个元素，则使用循环。元组也可以使用append方法添加到列表中，因为元组是不可变的。与集合不同，还可以使用append()方法将列表添加到现有列表中。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Addition of elements in a List
# Creating a List
List = []
print("Initial blank List: ")
print(List)
# Addition of Elements
# in the List
List.append(1)
List.append(2)
List.append(4)
print("\nList after Addition of Three elements: ")
print(List)
# Adding elements to the List
# using Iterator
for i in range(1, 4):
List.append(i)
print("\nList after Addition of elements from 1-3: ")
print(List)
# Adding Tuples to the List
List.append((5, 6))
print("\nList after Addition of a Tuple: ")
print(List)
# Addition of List to a List
List2 = ['For', 'Geeks']
List.append(List2)
print("\nList after Addition of a List: ")
print(List) 输出：
Initial blank List:
[]
List after Addition of Three elements:
[1, 2, 4]
List after Addition of elements from 1-3:
[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3]
List after Addition of a Tuple:
[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, (5, 6)]
List after Addition of a List:
[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, (5, 6), ['For', 'Geeks']]使用insert()方法
append()方法只适用于在列表末尾添加元素，对于在所需位置添加元素，则使用insert()方法。与只接受一个参数的append()不同，insert()方法需要两个参数（位置、值）。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Addition of elements in a List
# Creating a List
List = [1,2,3,4]
print("Initial List: ")
print(List)
# Addition of Element at
# specific Position
# (using Insert Method)
List.insert(3, 12)
List.insert(0, 'Geeks')
print("\nList after performing Insert Operation: ")
print(List) 输出：
Initial List:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
List after performing Insert Operation:
['Geeks', 1, 2, 3, 12, 4]使用extend()方法
除了append()和insert()方法之外，还有一个用于添加元素的方法extend()，该方法用于在列表末尾同时添加多个元素。
注意：append()和extend()方法只能在末尾添加元素。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Addition of elements in a List
# Creating a List
List = [1,2,3,4]
print("Initial List: ")
print(List)
# Addition of multiple elements
# to the List at the end
# (using Extend Method)
List.extend([8, 'Geeks', 'Always'])
print("\nList after performing Extend Operation: ")
print(List) 输出：
Initial List:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
List after performing Extend Operation:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 'Geeks', 'Always']访问列表中的元素
要访问列表项，请参考索引号。使用索引运算符[]访问列表中的项。索引必须是整数。使用嵌套索引访问嵌套列表。
# Python program to demonstrate
# accessing of element from list
# Creating a List with
# the use of multiple values
List = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]
# accessing a element from the
# list using index number
print("Accessing a element from the list")
print(List[0])
print(List[2])
# Creating a Multi-Dimensional List
# (By Nesting a list inside a List)
List = [['Geeks', 'For'] , ['Geeks']]
# accessing a element from the
# Multi-Dimensional List using
# index number
print("Acessing a element from a Multi-Dimensional list")
print(List[0][1])
print(List[1][0]) 输出：
Accessing a element from the list
Geeks
Geeks
Acessing a element from a Multi-Dimensional list
For
Geeks负索引
在Python中，负序列索引表示数组末尾的位置。不必像List[len（List）-3]那样计算偏移量，只需编写List[-3]就足够了。负索引意味着从结尾开始，-1表示最后一项，-2表示第二个最后项等。
List = [1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']
# accessing a element using
# negative indexing
print("Acessing element using negative indexing")
# print the last element of list
print(List[-1])
# print the third last element of list
print(List[-3]) 输出：
Acessing element using negative indexing
Geeks
For从列表中删除元素
使用remove()方法
可以使用内置的remove()函数从列表中删除元素，但是如果元素不存在于集合中，则会发生错误。Remove()方法一次只删除一个元素，要删除元素范围，则使用迭代器。remove()方法删除指定的项目。
注意：列表中的Remove方法将只删除搜索到的元素的第一个匹配项。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Removal of elements in a List
# Creating a List
List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
print("Intial List: ")
print(List)
# Removing elements from List
# using Remove() method
List.remove(5)
List.remove(6)
print("\nList after Removal of two elements: ")
print(List)
# Removing elements from List
# using iterator method
for i in range(1, 5):
List.remove(i)
print("\nList after Removing a range of elements: ")
print(List) 输出：
Intial List:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
List after Removal of two elements:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
List after Removing a range of elements:
[7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]使用pop()方法
Pop()函数还可以用于从集合中移除和返回元素，但默认情况下，它只移除集合的最后一个元素。若要从列表的特定位置移除元素，元素的索引将作为参数传递给Pop()方法。
List = [1,2,3,4,5]
# Removing element from the
# Set using the pop() method
List.pop()
print("\nList after popping an element: ")
print(List)
# Removing element at a
# specific location from the
# Set using the pop() method
List.pop(2)
print("\nList after popping a specific element: ")
print(List) 输出：
List after popping an element:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
List after popping a specific element:
[1, 2, 4]列表切片（Slicing of a List）
在Python List中，有多种方法可以打印包含所有元素的整个列表，但是要从列表中打印特定范围的元素，我们使用Slice操作。切片操作在使用冒号（：）的列表上执行。若要从开始到范围打印元素，请使用[：Index]；若要从结束使用[：-Index]打印元素；若要从特定索引打印元素，直到结束使用[Index:]；若要打印范围内的元素，请使用[开始索引：结束索引]；若要使用切片操作打印整个列表，请使用[：]。此外，要按相反顺序打印整个列表，请使用[：：-1]。
注意：要从后端打印列表元素，请使用负索引。
# Python program to demonstrate
# Removal of elements in a List
# Creating a List
List = ['G','E','E','K','S','F',
'O','R','G','E','E','K','S']
print("Intial List: ")
print(List)
# Print elements of a range
# using Slice operation
Sliced_List = List[3:8]
print("\nSlicing elements in a range 3-8: ")
print(Sliced_List)
# Print elements from a
# pre-defined point to end
Sliced_List = List[5:]
print("\nElements sliced from 5th "
"element till the end: ")
print(Sliced_List)
# Printing elements from
# beginning till end
Sliced_List = List[:]
print("\nPrinting all elements using slice operation: ")
print(Sliced_List) 输出：
Intial List:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']
Slicing elements in a range 3-8:
['K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R']
Elements sliced from 5th element till the end:
['F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']
Printing all elements using slice operation:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']负索引列表切片
# Creating a List
List = ['G','E','E','K','S','F',
'O','R','G','E','E','K','S']
print("Initial List: ")
print(List)
# Print elements from beginning
# to a pre-defined point using Slice
Sliced_List = List[:-6]
print("\nElements sliced till 6th element from last: ")
print(Sliced_List)
# Print elements of a range
# using negative index List slicing
Sliced_List = List[-6:-1]
print("\nElements sliced from index -6 to -1")
print(Sliced_List)
# Printing elements in reverse
# using Slice operation
Sliced_List = List[::-1]
print("\nPrinting List in reverse: ")
print(Sliced_List) 输出：
Initial List:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']
Elements sliced till 6th element from last:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O']
Elements sliced from index -6 to -1
['R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K']
Printing List in reverse:
['S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G', 'R', 'O', 'F', 'S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G']列表方法
带列表的内置函数