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题目：

6|8|2 : 一个号码正确且位置正确；

6|1|4 : 一个号码正确但是位置不正确；

2|0|6 : 二个号码正确但是位置不正确；

7|3|8 : 没有一个号码正确；

8|7|0 : 一个号码正确但是位置不正确；

Java程序：

 package com.company;

import java.util.*;

public class Main {


    /**
     * 输入的问题容器
     */
    private static class InputContainer {
        public InputContainer() {

        }

        /**
         * ItemList ~ 数据容器
         */
        private ArrayList<InputItem> itemList;

        /**
         * ItemList ~ 数据容器
         *
         * @return
         */
        public ArrayList<InputItem> getItemList() {
            return itemList;
        }

        /**
         * ItemList ~ 数据容器
         *
         * @param theValue
         */
        public void setItemList(ArrayList<InputItem> theValue) {
            itemList = theValue;
        }

        public String printInfoGet() {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (InputItem item : getItemList()) {
                sb.append(item.printInfoGet());
                sb.append('\r');
                sb.append('\n');
            }

            return sb.toString();
        }

        /**
         * 获得答案的最大列数
         *
         * @return
         */
        public int maxInputDataLengthGet() {
            int theResult = 0;
            int iTmp = 0;
            for (InputItem item : getItemList()) {
                iTmp = item.getInputData().length;
                if (iTmp > theResult)
                    theResult = iTmp;
            }

            return theResult;
        }

        /**
         * 获得相关数字
         * @return
         */
        public ArrayList<Integer> inputNumArrayGet() {
            ArrayList<Integer> theResult = new ArrayList<Integer>();

            for (InputItem item : getItemList()) {
                for (int i : item.getInputData()) {
                    if (!theResult.contains(i)) {
                        theResult.add(i);
                    }
                }
            }

            return theResult;
        }

        public String commandPrint() {
            StringBuilder theResult = new StringBuilder();

            boolean firstFlag = true;
            for (InputItem item : getItemList()) {
                if (firstFlag) {
                    firstFlag = false;
                } else {
                    theResult.append("#");
                }

                theResult.append(item.commandPrint());
            }
            return theResult.toString();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 0~10的数字转中文显示
     *
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    private static String numToCnShow(int num) {
        switch (num) {
            case 0:
                return "零";
            case 1:
                return "一";
            case 2:
                return "二";
            case 3:
                return "三";
            case 4:
                return "四";
            case 5:
                return "五";
            case 6:
                return "六";
            case 7:
                return "七";
            case 8:
                return "八";
            case 9:
                return "九";
            case 10:
                return "十";
            default:
                return Integer.toString(num);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输入条件的单项
     */
    private static class InputItem {
        public InputItem() {

        }

        /**
         * InputData ~ 输入值
         */
        private int[] inputData;

        /**
         * InputData ~ 输入值
         *
         * @return
         */
        public int[] getInputData() {
            return inputData;
        }

        /**
         * InputData ~ 输入值
         *
         * @param theValue
         */
        public void setInputData(int[] theValue) {
            inputData = theValue;
        }

        /**
         * AllRightCount ~ 号码和位置正确的个数
         */
        private int allRightCount;

        /**
         * AllRightCount ~ 号码和位置正确的个数
         *
         * @return
         */
        public int getAllRightCount() {
            return allRightCount;
        }

        /**
         * AllRightCount ~ 号码和位置正确的个数
         *
         * @param theValue
         */
        public void setAllRightCount(int theValue) {
            allRightCount = theValue;
        }

        /**
         * NumRightCount ~ 号码正确的个数
         */
        private int numRightCount;

        /**
         * NumRightCount ~ 号码正确的个数
         *
         * @return
         */
        public int getNumRightCount() {
            return numRightCount;
        }

        /**
         * NumRightCount ~ 号码正确的个数
         *
         * @param theValue
         */
        public void setNumRightCount(int theValue) {
            numRightCount = theValue;
        }

        public String printInfoGet() {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            boolean firstFlag = true;
            for (int i : getInputData()) {
                if (firstFlag) {
                    firstFlag = false;
                } else
                    sb.append("|");

                sb.append(i);

            }

            sb.append(" : ");
            if (getAllRightCount() == 0 && getNumRightCount() == 0) {
                sb.append("没有一个号码正确；");
            } else {
                int count = getAllRightCount();
                if (count > 0) {
                    sb.append(numToCnShow(count) + "个号码正确且位置正确；");
                }

                count = getNumRightCount();
                if (count > 0) {
                    sb.append(numToCnShow(count) + "个号码正确但是位置不正确；");
                }
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }

        private boolean theNumIsAllRight(int theNum, int fillIndex) {
            int iLen = getInputData().length;
            if (fillIndex >= iLen) {
                return false;
            }

            if (getInputData()[fillIndex] == theNum) {
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        private boolean theNumIsInRight(int theNum, int fillIndex) {
            int iLen = getInputData().length;

            for (int i = 0; i < iLen; ++i) {
                if (getInputData()[i] == theNum) {
                    if (i == fillIndex) {
                        return false;
                    } else {
                        return true;
                    }
                }

            }

            return false;
        }

        private int allRightGetTotal(int fillIndex, int[] resultArray) {
            int theResult = 0;
            int loopLen = fillIndex + 1;

            for (int i = 0; i < loopLen; ++i) {
                if (theNumIsAllRight(resultArray[i], i)) {
                    ++theResult;
                }
            }

            return theResult;
        }

        private int numRightGetTotal(int fillIndex, int[] resultArray) {
            int theResult = 0;
            int loopLen = fillIndex + 1;

            for (int i = 0; i < loopLen; ++i) {
                if (theNumIsInRight(resultArray[i], i)) {
                    ++theResult;
                }
            }

            return theResult;
        }

        public boolean dataIsOk(int theNum, int fillIndex, int[] resultArray) {

            boolean endFlag = false;
            if(fillIndex==resultArray.length-1){
                endFlag = true;
            }

            int iCount = allRightGetTotal(fillIndex, resultArray);
            if (iCount > getAllRightCount()) {
                return false;
            }
            else {
                if (endFlag) {
                    if (iCount != getAllRightCount()) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            iCount = numRightGetTotal(fillIndex, resultArray);
            if (iCount > getNumRightCount()) {
                return false;
            }
            else {
                if (endFlag) {
                    if (iCount != getNumRightCount()) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        public String commandPrint() {
            StringBuilder theResult = new StringBuilder();

            boolean firstFlag = true;
            for(int i:getInputData()){
                if(firstFlag){
                    firstFlag=false;
                }else{
                    theResult.append(",");
                }

                theResult.append(i);
            }

            theResult.append(";");
            theResult.append(getAllRightCount());
            theResult.append(",");
            theResult.append(getNumRightCount());

            return theResult.toString();
        }
    }

    private static int[] inputDataCreate(String str) {
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        str = str.trim();

        if (str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        String[] sA = str.split(",");

        int iLen = sA.length;
        int i = 0;
        int[] theResult = new int[iLen];
        int item = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < iLen; ++i) {
            item = intGetByStr(sA[i], -1);
            theResult[i] = item;
        }

        return theResult;
    }

    private static void inputItemSetCount(InputItem theResult, String str) {

        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return;
        }

        str = str.trim();

        if (str.length() == 0) {
            return;
        }

        String[] sA = str.split(",");
        int iLen = sA.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < iLen; ++i) {
            switch (i) {
                case 0:
                    theResult.setAllRightCount(intGetByStr(sA[i], 0));
                    break;
                case 1:
                    theResult.setNumRightCount(intGetByStr(sA[i], 0));
                    break;
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * @param str
     * @param defaultValue
     * @return
     */
    private static int intGetByStr(String str, int defaultValue) {
        try {
            return Integer.parseInt(str);
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            return defaultValue;
        }
    }

    private static InputItem inputItemCreate(String str) {

        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        str = str.trim();

        if (str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        String[] sA = str.split(";");
        int iLen = sA.length;

        if (iLen == 0)
            return null;

        InputItem theResult = new InputItem();
        theResult.setInputData(inputDataCreate(sA[0]));

        theResult.setAllRightCount(0);
        theResult.setNumRightCount(0);

        if (iLen > 1)
            inputItemSetCount(theResult, sA[1]);

        return theResult;

    }

    private static InputContainer inputContainerCreate(String str) {

        if (str == null || str.length() == 0)
            return null;

        InputContainer theResult = new InputContainer();
        ArrayList<InputItem> itemList = new ArrayList<InputItem>();
        theResult.setItemList(itemList);

        String[] sA = str.split("#");
        int iLen = sA.length;
        int i = 0;
        InputItem inputItemV = null;
        String subStr = null;

        for (i = 0; i < iLen; ++i) {
            subStr = sA[i];
            if (subStr == null || subStr.length() == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            inputItemV = inputItemCreate(subStr);
            if (inputItemV == null) {
                continue;
            }

            itemList.add(inputItemV);
        }


        return theResult;
    }

    private static void inputContainerPrint(InputContainer inputContainerV) {
        if (inputContainerV == null) {
            System.out.println("InputContainer is null.");
            return;
        }

        inputContainerV.getItemList();
    }


    private static boolean theNumIsInArray(int[] resultArray, int theNum) {
        for (int i : resultArray) {
            if (i == theNum) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 是否已经填充值
     *
     * @param resultArray
     * @param fillIndex
     * @param theNum
     * @return
     */
    private static boolean theNumIsFillInArray(int[] resultArray, int fillIndex, int theNum) {
        for (int i = 0; i < fillIndex; ++i) {
            if (resultArray[i] == theNum) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    private static boolean exhaustiveToAnswerData(InputContainer inputContainerV, ArrayList<Integer> inputArray, int[] resultArray, int fillIndex, int noArrayValue) {
        if (fillIndex == resultArray.length) {
            return true;
        }

        boolean bFlag = false;

        for (int theNum : inputArray) {

            if (theNumIsFillInArray(resultArray, fillIndex, theNum)) {
                continue;
            }

            resultArray[fillIndex] = theNum;

            if(theNum==3&&fillIndex==2)
            {
                fillIndex = 2;
            }

            for (InputItem inputItemV : inputContainerV.getItemList()) {
                bFlag = inputItemV.dataIsOk(theNum, fillIndex, resultArray);

                if (!bFlag)
                    break;
            }

            if (!bFlag) {
                resultArray[fillIndex] = noArrayValue;
                continue;
            }

            bFlag = exhaustiveToAnswerData(inputContainerV, inputArray, resultArray, fillIndex + 1, noArrayValue);

            if (bFlag) {
                return true;
            }

            resultArray[fillIndex] = noArrayValue;
        }

        return false;
    }


    private static boolean exhaustiveToAnswer(InputContainer inputContainerV, ArrayList<Integer> inputArray, int[] resultArray, int noArrayValue) {
        return exhaustiveToAnswerData(inputContainerV, inputArray, resultArray, 0, noArrayValue);
    }

    /**
     * 获得最大值
     *
     * @param theList
     * @return
     */
    private static int maxGetFromArray(ArrayList<Integer> theList) {
        int theResult = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i : theList) {
            if (theResult < i) {
                theResult = i;
            }
        }

        return theResult;
    }



    /**
     * 输入样例：6,8,2;1,0#6,1,4;0,1#2,0,6;0,2#7,3,8;0,0#8,7,0;0,1
     *
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String input = null;
        if (args == null || args.length == 0) {
            // 042 //
            // input = "6,8,2;1,0#6,1,4;0,1#2,0,6;0,2#7,3,8;0,0#8,7,0;0,1";

            // 871 //
            input = "6,8,2;0,1#6,1,4;0,1#2,0,6;0,0#7,3,8;0,2#8,7,0;2,0";
        }
        else {
            input = args[0];
        }

        InputContainer inputContainerV = inputContainerCreate(input);

        if (inputContainerV == null) {
            System.out.println("input is null.");
            return;
        }

        // 输出题目 //
        String str = null;

        str = inputContainerV.commandPrint();
        System.out.println("输入参数：");
        System.out.println(str);

        str = inputContainerV.printInfoGet();
        System.out.println("题目：");
        System.out.println(str);

        // 获得答案的最大数组 //
        int resultArrayLength = inputContainerV.maxInputDataLengthGet();
        ArrayList<Integer> inputArray = inputContainerV.inputNumArrayGet();
        int noArrayValue = maxGetFromArray(inputArray) + 1;
        int[] resultArray = new int[resultArrayLength];
        for (int i = 0; i < resultArrayLength; ++i) {
            resultArray[i] = noArrayValue;
        }

        boolean runFlag = exhaustiveToAnswer(inputContainerV, inputArray, resultArray, noArrayValue);

        if (runFlag) {
            StringBuilder sbRet = new StringBuilder();
            for (int k : resultArray) {
                sbRet.append(k);
            }

            System.out.println("答案：");
            System.out.println(sbRet.toString());
        } else {
            System.out.println("计算失败");
        }
    }
}

输出：

题目：
6|8|2 : 一个号码正确且位置正确；
6|1|4 : 一个号码正确但是位置不正确；
2|0|6 : 二个号码正确但是位置不正确；
7|3|8 : 没有一个号码正确；
8|7|0 : 一个号码正确但是位置不正确；

答案：
042

程序简单介绍：

1、Java控制台程序，通过args可以传入参数去构建不同的题目

2、本题题目的args参数

输入样例：6,8,2;1,0#6,1,4;0,1#2,0,6;0,2#7,3,8;0,0#8,7,0;0,1

3、构建一个容器类InputContainer ，统一管理输入条件

4、构建一个条件类InputItem，存储输入条件

5、用printInfoGet方法，打印输出题目内容

6、获得答案的最大数组（考虑条件数组不规范的情况）

7、获得所有的数字项

8、用穷举算法和递归一个一个填充数字找出答案